Sneak Peek: Shaping dough is important, even when using a bread machine. Read why and learn how to shape a simple sandwich loaf.
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Are you a stuffer or a shaper when making a loaf of bread? Do you plop the dough in a loaf pan and give it a couple of love pats, or do you show it love with gentle discipline, patience, and guidance?
Whether you mix and knead your bread dough using a bread machine, a stand mixer, or by hand, shaping the dough improves the crumb texture, the crust, and the overall appearance.
I wrote this post primarily for bread machine users looking for a way to make fabulous bread, as seen in good bakeries. However, the benefits of shaping as described here apply to most yeast dough recipes. Exceptions include Classic sourdough bread made without commercial yeast (more complicated) and no-knead bread.
If you want to shape dough for something other than a loaf pan (for example, a braid, a boule, a batard, etc.), I have included pictures and instructions for shaping inside most of the 65+ bread machine recipes on this website.
The best time to shape dough:
Follow the instructions in your recipe. Normally, that means you will shape after the first rise and before the final rise.
If you are using a bread machine, choose number one or number two below.
1. Shape after removing the dough from the bread machine at the end of the DOUGH cycle. (My preferred method)
The DOUGH cycles of various bread machines come in many configurations. For example, your bread maker may include a preheat phase, a resting phase, mixing phases, a kneading phase, an add-in phase, and at least one or two proofing phases.
Regardless, let your machine process through all these phases until the DOUGH cycle is complete, with one exception. Bread dough should be double the original size at the end of the DOUGH cycle. During hot weather, check the dough with the “poke test” before the end of the DOUGH cycle as you may need to remove the dough early to prevent over-proofing.
Other times, your dough may rise slowly. Leave it in the machine until it doubles in size, but not more. Over-proofing is undesirable but fixable.
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2. If using your machine for baking the bread, remove the dough and shape before the final proof.
After you pull the dough out of the machine onto a floury surface, shape it, and replace the shaped dough back into the bread machine.
Figuring out the best time to remove the dough can be tricky. Read your bread manual to figure out when is the right time.
Before you put the shaped dough back into the bread machine pan, pull out the paddle(s). Unfortunately, small holes will remain in the bottom of your baked bread because of the nonremovable posts.
You can see an example here of bread dough pulled out of the machine, shaped, and replaced back into the machine to bake.
How shaping dough makes an amazing difference:
1. Shaping compresses gas bubbles, introduces surface tension, and encourages a better oven spring.
Compressing the gas bubbles affects the final appearance and the crumb (more about the crumb below).
Surface tension refers to the tightness of the dough at the surface of your loaf. It helps the bread retain a pretty shape as it bakes.
Finally, the oven spring is the burst of expansion that happens when the loaf hits the high heat of a preheated oven. Without much oven spring, you will most likely have a dense loaf.
Also, the gas bubbles created during the bread machine’s DOUGH were not deflated. The dough should have been gently pushed down to compress the air bubbles. The large air bubbles at the surface may result in uneven browning.
Because I didn’t let the dough relax and stretched the dough too aggressively, the gluten tore on the right side in the picture above. This bread had a good oven rise due to the surface tension. However, it blew out on the left side (see the top picture) and the texture in the middle was unorganized.
The loaf on the far right was correctly shaped after a short relaxation period. Keep reading to see how I do it.
2. Shaping creates a structured and cohesive crumb and reduces large holes or tunnels.
Compare the three loaves of bread in the picture above. Do you see the swirl pattern in the shaped loaf on the right? Compare that to the loaf on the far left, where the crumb is random and uneven.
After removing the dough from the bread machine, I lightly knead the dough 4-5 times. Kneading is my method of “punching down” the dough.
When you use a rolling pin to roll the dough into a rectangle, the rolling action compresses the carbon dioxide bubbles produced by the yeast during the first rise. Be sure to roll over the edges, too. Rogue bubbles often hide at the perimeter.
3. Shaping produces a beautiful crust that is smooth, thin, and uniform.
One reason why the crust of bread baked in a bread machine is tough and thick is that the dough has not been shaped. When you stretch out the gluten strands during shaping by hand, the crust will be thinner and more pliable.
📌Kitchen Tips for shaping dough📌:
- Use a bench knife or scraper. This instrument is valuable for working with sticky doughs because it keeps your fingers from touching the dough quite so much. The edge is not sharp like a knife but thin enough to portion dough.
- Use a non-stick silicone mat as a work surface. Clean-up is a breeze. Throw it into the dishwasher when you’re done.
- Allow the dough to relax if it seems uncooperative. Don’t forget to cover it with a tea towel. You don’t want dry “skin” to form on the dough surface.
- Use a rolling pin to reduce rogue bubbles, especially on the perimeter of the rectangle.
- Choose the correct size loaf pan for the quantity of ingredients. The dough should not fill the loaf pan more than halfway full.
- I like USA baking sheets and loaf pans because my bread browns beautifully in them. They don’t usually need any oiling or greasing–the bread will fall out on its own.
NOTE: The small USA loaf pans you see in the pictures come in a set of four and make the perfect size loaf for giving to neighbors who enjoy a treat but don’t want or need a 1½ or 2-pound loaf.
How to shape dough for a loaf pan:
If the dough is bouncy and rebellious, walk away the same way you would with a toddler having a temper tantrum. Give it time to calm down, relax, and find a more compliant mindset. 15-30 minutes should do it.
The size of the rectangle depends on the size of the pan you’re using.
Use a flat palm to press the dough down so that the ends of the dough cylinder are equal in size. This action results in more uniform slices from end to end for sandwich loaves.
Cover the loaf and allow it to rise. When the dough peeks over the top, bake it in a preheated oven according to the recipe directions.
Parting Words:
When the dough is shaped correctly, the final proof may be slower than expected. The yeast is producing more carbon dioxide to refill all the tiny “balloons” you smooshed in the shaping process. Your reward for patience is a more uniform texture and better taste. As I often say, “the longer your bread takes to rise, the better the taste.”
This is how you make bread that you’ll be excited to share with your family and friends.
If you have questions or suggestions, email me privately to Paula at saladinajar.com. Hope to see you again soon! Paula